You need to close your soft palette!
There are two ways of blocking off air (and water) - one is closing your throat (what you do when you cough, for example, and when you hold your breath), but this only stops the water from going down your throat/lungs; it leaves the passage from your nose to your throat open, which lets water run into your mouth.
Your soft palette is at the back of your mouth at the top, and if you can close it, you stop water from getting any further than your nasal cavity. There's no way of stopping water from going up your nose, though, unless you wear a nose plug or don't swim upside down.
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